ENSO事件期间热带印度洋和太平洋地区大尺度海气相互作用联系的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

邓北胜  刘海涛  丑纪范 《热带气象学报》2010,26(3):357-363

利用大气环流三维分解方法研究了1979—2008年ENSO事件期间热带印度洋和太平洋地区海气相互作用的机制。研究表明ENSO事件期间存在明显的三维"齿轮式"耦合特征;在ENSO事件盛期,与NCEP再分析资料的垂直运动相比,大气环流三维分解方法揭示的东印度洋-西太平洋地区的下沉运动更强,范围更宽。大气环流三维分解方法把垂直速度分解为纬向分量和经向分量两部分,纬向分量表现为很强的下沉运动,而经向分量表现为上升运动,垂直速度的纬向分量和经向分量相互抵消了一部分,综合的结果表现为很强的下沉运动。在热带地区,垂直速度ω*的纬向分量ωW要大于其经向分量ωH,ωW反映了ω*的主要特征;在分析垂直运动方面,与NCEP再分析资料中的垂直速度相比,大气环流三维分解方法具有一定的优点。  相似文献   

CO_2 Density-Raman Shift Relation Derived from Synthetic Inclusions in Fused Silica Capillaries and Its Application     

SONG Yucai  CHOU I’Ming  HU Wenxuan  Burruss ROBERT  LU Wanjun 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(5):932-938

Abstract: The densities of CO2 inclusions in minerals are commonly used to determine the crystallizing conditions of the host minerals. However, conventional microthermometry is difficult to apply for inclusions of small size (< 5–10 μm) or low density. Raman analysis is an alternative method for determining CO2 density, provided that the CO2 density–Raman shift relation is known. This study aims to establish this CO2 density–Raman shift relation by using CO2 inclusions synthesized in fused silica capillaries. By using this newly-developed synthetic technique, we formed pure CO2 inclusions, and their densities were determined by microthermometry. The Raman analysis showed that the relation between CO2 density (D in g/cm3) and the separations (Δ in cm?1) between the two main bands (i.e. Fermi diad bands) in CO2 Raman spectra can be represented by a cubic equation: D (g/cm3)=0.74203(?0.019Δ3+5.90332Δ2?610.79472Δ+21050.30165)?3.54278 (r2=0.99920). Our calculated D value for a given Δ is between those obtained from two previously-reported equations, which were derived from different experimental methods. An example was given in this study to demonstrate that the densities of natural CO2 inclusions that could not be derived from microthermometry could be determined by using our method.  相似文献   

两种四维奇异值分解同化方法的比较及误差分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王金成  李建平  丑纪范 《大气科学》2008,32(2)

4DSVD是最近提出的一种新的资料同化方法。目前还存在一些需要解决的问题,比如如何选取样本,如何得到支撑大气吸引子的基向量以及选取基向量的个数问题等等。作者利用奇异值分解(SVD)与经验正交函数分解(EOF)两种方法来获得支撑大气吸引子的基向量,推导了基于这两种方法的4DSVD分析场的理论公式,并用简单的数值试验比较了基于这两种方法的4DSVD分析场的空间相关系数和误差,初步分析了分析场与基向量个数的关系以及与样本选取的关系和分析误差的来源及各种误差对分析误差影响的相对大小。结果表明,用SVD方法作为获得支撑大气吸引子基向量的方法得到的分析场较EOF方法稳定,分析场与基向量个数有密切关系,观测误差、模式误差和观测代表性误差是分析误差的主要来源,且其引起的分析误差随着基向量个数增多而增大。  相似文献   

构建一个经济-气候新模型评价气候变化对粮食产量的影响   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

丑洁明  叶笃正 《气候与环境研究》2006,11(3):347-353

将气候变化研究和农业经济研究相结合,构建了一个经济-气候新模型,用来评价全球气候变化对粮食产量影响的问题。提出在经济模型C-D生产函数中添加气候变化因子,建立一个新的评价模型,作为连接气候变化因素和经济变化因素的桥梁,并对该模型的性能及合理性进行了初步的模拟和验证。  相似文献   

一种改进我国汛期降水预测的新思路   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

董文杰  韦志刚  丑纪范 《高原气象》2001,20(1):36-40

1998年1月赤道东太平洋海温为正异常、1月黑潮－西风漂流区海温为负异常、青藏高原冬春积雪为正异常。通过对1998年汛期降水的预测实践分析研究指出，当此三因子同时异常时，利用其中任何一个单因子都难以较好地同时预测出1998年发生在我国长江中下游和东北嫩江流域的多雨区和华北平原的少雨区。而通过EOF分解和动力模式对三因子异常进行综合集成所作的预测和实况基本一致。对多因子异常的综合集成是改进和提高汛期降水预测水平的有效手段，沿着这一新思路，利用EOF筛选出前明显异常的重要因子，选择一个较好的区域气候模式，有希望通过综合集成作出比较可信的预报。  相似文献   

贵州大方煤田主采煤层的矿物学异常及其对元素地球化学的影响   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

代世峰  任德贻  李丹  雒昆利 《地质学报》2006,80(4):589-597

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、带能谱仪的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)、逐级化学提取(SCEP)和光学显微镜等方法,对贵州大方煤田11号煤层的地球化学和矿物学进行了研究。结果表明,大方煤田11号煤层中有高含量的脉状石英(11.4%)和脉状铁白云石(10.2%),铁白云石周边常被针铁矿所包裹,在脉状石英中发现有热液成因的黄铜矿、闪锌矿和硒方铅矿,此外,还有少量高岭石充填在脉中,这7种矿物常常同脉共存。脉状石英和脉状铁白云石分别来源于硅质和富铁的钙质低温热液流体,形成温度分别为180℃和85℃。脉状石英早于脉状铁白云石形成。根据Ca/Sr和Fe/Mn值,确定出铁白云石的形成至少经历了3个时期。这7种矿物按照从早到晚的生成顺序为硫化物、石英、高岭石、铁白云石和针铁矿。铁白云石是煤中Mn、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn富集的主要原因,这5种微量元素的含量分别为0.09%、74.0μg/g、33.6μg/g、185μg/g和289μg/g。脉状石英是煤中铂族元素Pd、Pt和Ir的主要载体,它们在煤中的含量分别为1.57μg/g、0.15μg/g和0.007μg/g。另外,黄铜矿、闪锌矿和硒方铅矿亦是11号煤层中Cu、Zn和Pb的重要载体。  相似文献   

On-line estimation of unit hydrographs using the wavelet-based LMS algorithm / Estimation en ligne des hydrogrammes unitaires grâce à l'algorithme des moindres carrés moyens à base d'ondelettes     

CHIEN-MING CHOU  RU-YIH WANG 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):721-738

Abstract

This study applies the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to decompose the unit hydrograph, thereby generating parsimonious reparameterizations of the unit hydrograph. A model compression method is then employed to significantly compress the unit hydrograph requiring that fewer coefficients be estimated. Moreover, a wavelet-based linearly constrained least mean squares (WLCLMS) algorithm is also used to estimate on-line the wavelet coefficients of the unit hydrograph. The updated wavelet coefficients of the unit hydrograph, convoluted with effective rainfall input in the wavelet domain, allow for accurate prediction of one-step-ahead runoff in the time domain. The proposed approach allows the unit hydrographs to vary in time and accurately predicts runoff from a basin in Taiwan, thus making it highly promising for flood forecasting.  相似文献   

农村居民点整理潜力测算与布局优化研究——以江苏省江都市为例   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

李鑫  甘志伍  欧名豪  黄琪  丑建立 《地理科学》2013,(2):150-156

通过自然、经济与社会因素方面构建限制修正系数,用限制修正系数把理论潜力修正至现实潜力,且从区位、自然等方面对整理后居民点进行布局优化,在ArcGIS 9.3中用多因素综合评价法评价栅格单元的居民点建设适宜度,把适宜度高的栅格变成居民点用地,直到所选择栅格面积等于现状居民点释放完潜力而保留的面积。研究发现2008年江都市居民点整理的理论潜力是6 128 hm2,经限制因素修正后现实潜力是2 013 hm2,其中半数以上在仙女镇;经布局优化后居民点集中分布,且主要集中分布在城镇周围与交通便捷地区,改变了目前散乱分布状况,居民点分布斑块数减少,其集聚度显著增加。  相似文献   

Breaking of Solitary Waves on Uniform Slopes     

CHOU Chung-Ren OUYANG Kwan Professor 《中国海洋工程》1999,(4)

The propagation,shoaling and breaking of solitary waves on mild slopes are simulated byboundary element method.In this paper,the criterion of breaking solitary waves on mild slopes is discussed.The criterion is that the ratio of horizontal velocity of water particles on the wave crest to wave celerity equalsone.However,the case that the ratio of horizontal velocity of water particles on the wave crest to wave ce-lerity is below one but the front face of wave profile becomes vertical is also considered as a breaking criteri-on.According to the above criteria,the breaking index for slopes 1:10 to 1:25 is studied.The result is com-pared to other researchers'.The deformation of solitary waves on slopes is discussed and the distribution offluid velocities at breaking is shown.  相似文献   

Recent Advances in Predictability Studies in China （1999-2002）   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

MU Mu  DUAN Wansuo  CHOU Jifan 《大气科学进展》2004,21(3):437-443

Since the last International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) General Assembly (1999), the predictability studies in China have made further progress during the period of 1999-2002. Firstly, three predictability sub-problems in numerical weather and climate prediction are classified, which are concerned with the maximum predictability time, the maximum prediction error, and the maximum allowable initial error, and then they are reduced into three nonlinear optimization problems. Secondly, the concepts of the nonlinear singular vector (NSV) and conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) are proposed,which have been utilized to study the predictability of numerical weather and climate prediction. The results suggest that the nonlinear characteristics of the motions of atmosphere and oceans can be revealedby NSV and CNOP. Thirdly, attention has also been paid to the relations between the predictability and spatial-temporal scale, and between the model predictability and the machine precision, of which the investigations disclose the importance of the spatial-temporal scale and machine precision in the study of predictability. Also the cell-to-cell mapping is adopted to analyze globally the predictability of climate,which could provide a new subject to the research workers. Furthermore, the predictability of the summer rainfall in China is investigated by using the method of correlation coefficients. The results demonstrate that the predictability of summer rainfall is different in different areas of China. Analysis of variance, which is one of the statistical methods applicable to the study of predictability, is also used to study the potential predictability of monthly mean temperature in China, of which the conclusion is that the monthly mean temperature over China is potentially predictable at a statistical significance level of 0.10. In addition,in the analysis of the predictability of the T106 objective analysis/forecasting field, the variance and the correlation coefficient are calculated to explore the distribution characteristics of the mean-square errors.Finally, the predictability of short-term climate prediction is investigated by using statistical methods or numerical simulation methods. It is demonstrated that the predictability of short-term climate in China depends not only on the region of China being investigated, but also on the time scale and the atmospheric internal dynamical process.  相似文献